实习报告

核电厂实习报告

时间:2021-01-23 15:17:03 实习报告 我要投稿

核电厂实习报告3000字

  导语:星宿如许笑苍茫,泪成行,咬噬忧郁的泪滴,诉说心扉,风影传音,仿佛你的呢喃在耳边萦绕。以下小编为大家介绍核电厂实习报告3000字文章,欢迎大家阅读参考!

核电厂实习报告3000字

  核电厂实习报告3000字

  前言

  20xx年3月2日我开始了为期两周的毕业实习,这次实习的地点是:二道江发电厂。在短短的两周里通过参观电厂、跟班学习,使我学到了很多书本上所不能学到的知识,通过现场的跟班学习是我学到了很多知识,为今后的社会工作打下良好的基础。

  电力工业是国民经济发展中最重要的基础能源产业,是国民经济的第一基础产业,是关系国计民生的基础产业,是世界各国经济发展战略中的优先发展重点。作为一种先进的生产力和基础产业,电力行业对促进国民经济的发展和社会进步起到重要作用。与社会经济和社会发展有着十分密切的关系,它不仅是关系国家经济安全的战略大问题,而且与人们的日常生活、社会稳定密切相关。随着我国经济的发展,对电的需求量不断扩大,电力销售市场的扩大又刺激了整个电力生产的发展。

  据悉1974年建成了第一条330kv输电线路,由甘肃刘家峡水电站厂到陕西关中地区。1981年建成了第一条500kv输电线路,由河南姚孟火电厂到武汉。电力系统输电电压等级,除西北电网为330/220/110kv外,其他电网都采用500/220/110kv。国内各省电网都已形成220kv网架,华北、东北、华东、华中、南方等电网都已建成500kv大容量输电线路和跨省联络线,并将逐步形成跨大区域互联的骨干网络。正在建设中的西北 750kv输电工程,标志着我国电网输电电压等级由目前最高的500kv即将升级为750kv,实现历史性跨越。除超高压输电外,1988年建成了从葛州坝到上海南桥的500kv直流输电线路,全长1080km,输电容量120*kw,使华中和华东两大电力系统互联,形成了跨大区的联合电力系统。在这些电力建设工程中,超高电压等级(220kv/330kv/500kv/750kv)变电站自动化系统占有重要的地位。

  一 、实习目的

  通过对具体实习项目的分析,理论实践相结合,巩固和发展所学理论知识,掌握正确的思想方法和基本技能。

  本次实习的主要目的是:

  1、通过理论联系实际使学生全面地运用所学知识去分析判断生产中的实际问题,进一步扩大学生的专业知识,培养独立工作能力;

  2、通过实习及其有关规程的学习,进一步提高学生对安全经济运行的认识,树立严肃认真的工作作风;

  3、通过实习,搜集和积累有关大型综合作业的资料,为毕业设计作好准备;

  4、通过实习进一步培养学生的组织性、纪律性、集体主义精神等优良品德,为胜任以后的工作打好基础。

  实习除了让学生在专业上做到理论联系实际,锻炼专业能力,同时还要锻炼学生适应社会以及分析、解决工作中各种问题的能力。毕业实习对同学今后的工作,发展起重要作用,它为学生从学习阶段进入工作阶段建立一个阶梯,以实现从学校到社会平稳过渡的目的。

  通过参加发电厂的实习工作,在电厂认识实习的基础上,更好地熟悉电厂热工部分及其运行维护工作,了解发电厂的生产组织管理和技术经济指标,培养学生的实际操作能力和分析判断事故的能力,

  二、 实习任务

  (一)安规学习,全厂介绍、参观

  1、学习讨论安全规程的有关章节。

  2、全厂介绍。电厂类型,机组数目、数量、负荷性质和供电情况。电厂在电力系统中的位置、发展远景、生产组织和技术管理机构,经济指标和安全情况。

  3、厂方、车间提出要求并进行全厂参观。

  (二)学习发电厂是利用煤、石油、天然气等燃料的化学能产出电能的工厂,即为燃料的化学能→蒸汽的热势能→机械能→电能。在锅炉中,燃料的化学能转变为蒸汽的热能;在汽轮机中,蒸汽的热能转变为轮子旋转的机械能;在发电机中机械能转变为电能。炉、机、电是火电厂中的主要设备,亦称三大主机。与三大主机相辅工作的设备称为辅助设备简称辅机。主机与辅机及其相连的管道、线路等称为系统。火电厂的主要系统有燃烧系统、汽水系统、电气系统等。过去国内火电厂 300MW机组以上的主控系统都普遍采用了DCS技术,但外围辅助系统,包括除灰系统、除渣系统、化水系统、输煤系统等采用的是独立、分散的常规控制系统,由于各辅助系统工艺有其不同的特性,所以采用的控制系统配置不同、技术水平、监控方式各异,这就势必对每个辅助系统都需配备相当的运行人员,使劳动生产率不能进一步提高。

  三、实习内容

  通过部门领导和师傅们的指导和演示,使我进一步了解了电子专业,拓宽了我的视野,为我以后的就业增加了知识储备。在这一过程中,我采用了看、问、学等方式,初步了解了事业单位办公室文员工作中的具体业务知识,拓展了所学的专业知识,为以后正常工作的展开奠定了坚实的基础。从个人发展方面说,对我影响最大的应该是作为一个社会人工作作风以及在工作过程中专业知识对工作的重要作用,因为这些都是我在学校学习中不曾接触过的方面。现将主要实习情况报告如下:

  所长向我们简单介绍了一下电厂的基本历史,还有就是发电的基本原理。对我们进行了安全教育后开始带领我们参观几个重要的场所----如外部变压设备、高压间和主控制室等。外部变压设备分为主变压设备和备用变压设备。备用变压设备在主线路发生故障或设备检修时启用,增加工作效率。为了防止发电站出现问题产生停电的事情发生。该变电站采取了双发电站送电措施。由于来自两个不同的发电厂通过两路线路独立地向变电站供电。正常工作时,变电站使用其中的一路电源,另一路电是在正在使用的线路出现断电的情况下启用。外部高压电进入变电站后,通过隔离开关、电压互感器,以及电流互感器最后接入变压器输入端。ab两个送电线正常工作时,a线路通过隔离开关接向a变压器,当a变压器出现故障时,可将a线路接向b变压器,也可以由b线路给a变压器或b变压器供电,以保证铁路能够正常运行。电压互感器用于对供电电压进行测量,电流互感器用于对供电电流的测量,两者配合使用可以计量电度。

  变压器能够将外面的500kv高压电转换为机车所需的110kv的低压电。由于变压器的电压很高,功率又很大,所以变压器产生的热量很大,如何降低变压器的温度保证其正常工作至关重要。为了降低温度,每台变压器上都装有很多散热片,当主体温度超过55摄氏度时,散热器低部风扇自动启动,85摄氏度自动跳闸,说明线路发生故障,起温度保护作用。为了防止线路短路,变压器的主体中充满了25#油,在主体上面装有一个油枕,可随时向主体中供油,补充消耗。瓦斯计电器用来防止主体内产生的瓦斯气体过多及时向管理员报警,防止变压器损坏。

  接着,我们又来到了高压间。高压间又明确分为输入端和馈出端。内部设备由许多铁栏分隔,里面的好多设备都是进口的,自动送电,跳闸保护,十年都未出故障。在主控制室内,有两名技术人员随时监视着主控制设备各仪器仪表的工作状态,主控制设备体积庞大,功能完善,具有故障显示,故障分析,自动保护等众多功能,给管理操作带来很大便利。当跳闸时,绿灯会闪,同时铃响,进行报警。当铁路上线路发生断路时,可以在主控面板的显示器上显出断电点距变电站的距离,从而为及时维修提供方便。最后我们总览了整个变电站的结构及工作状态,对其有了更直观清晰的了解。

  一般情况下,电经过输电线路到达500千伏变电站后,通过变压器转化为220千伏等级,输送到220千伏变电站后,再通过变压器转化为110千伏等级,通过110千伏变电站再次降压,最后通过街头常见的变压器转化为居民用电,此时电压已经降到了220伏。

  主控室,其中包括微机监控系统、电力系统通信系统、变电站管理系统。最引人注意的就是正门对面的一排机器,上面布满了红线,红点,还有一些绿色的,据介绍就是控制电厂的机器装备等等的电路图,现在基本上都是自动化了,室中心的几台计算机就是对他进行控制的,而工作人员的人数只需要几个了,只要控制计算机就可以确保机器的正常安全运行,比起原来的旧电厂,现在的`自动化程度大大提高,所以电厂的技术人员越来越少了,当然对他们的要求也是越来越高,直接带来的就是效益的越来越好了。主控室有六台计算机组成:视频视频监控系统机、故障录波系统、监控后台2、监控后台1、五防系统,以上的都是由我国电气业较先进的南瑞集团的产品,可以说都是国内最先进的技术。在主控室里对整个变电站的运行进行监视,通过计算机技术对故障进行预警、分析、排除,控制及安全操作闭锁,显示和制表打印,时间顺序记录,事故追忆,信息的远传,运行、操作、事故处理指导,人机联系,运行的技术管理,自诊断、自恢复和自动切换。

  我们在所长的引导之下,穿过了电厂的厂房,其中除了只看到机器设备之外就没有什么其他的,很难看到一个工人,偶尔看到的是几台可控机器,据介绍,只需要工人在上面设置好程序就可以不管了,机器的控制全部在集控室可以观测,所以只要电厂运行出了问题,就可以马上得知,一个电话过去,维修的就马上过去,使之尽快得到解决。所长向我们介绍到整个主控室每天只有五个人在值班,可以说,区域控制中心的建设实施实现了减人增效、提高操作效率、降低运行维护成本等等方面的经济效益。从远期效益和电网发展来看,随着接入的变电站不断增多,按照无人值班模式设计的变电站在降低工程投资和运行维护成本以及缩短建设工期方面所带来的经济效益将更加显著。

  现在电厂的自动化程度都很高,人员数量必然就会减少,使得对工作的质量就会提高。据了解,电厂的职工一般是五班三倒或者是四班二倒或者还有其他的,反正就是采用的轮流制度吧,每次只要是上班就是连续12个小时,在集控室工作的就必须严密注视着计算机,确保异常情况的出现能够被立即发觉;对于维修方面的,工作时间有有些不同,有一种开玩笑的说法,说维修工个个都患有“电话恐惧症”,只要电话一响,多半认为就是要工作了——电厂某些设备需要维修了,不管是寒冬还是酷暑,不管是白天还是黑夜,都必赶赴现场。现在的科技如此发达,机器设备哪有那么容易坏掉呢,所以维修工人的情况也不像想象中的那么艰难。总之,在电厂工作的时间概念与一般的有些不同,典型的就是不会按照正常的星期计算,也不会有正常的“黄金周”,人家最闲的时候就是电厂最忙的时候,尽管如此,但是我认为这也没什么的,还不是都在地球上工作。当代的中国正在崛起,经济正在以爆炸式的方式增长,电力就是其中的最根本的基础保障,作为电力的源泉,电厂肯定是扮演着大佬的角色。对国家的贡献无人能替,还有着巨大的发展!

  另外处理事故时必须做到稳(沉着)、准(准确)、敏(迅速),且要根据以下原则采取措施:尽速限制事故发展,消除事故根源,解除对人身、设备安全的威胁;用一切可能的方法保持设备继续运行,以保证对用户的供电;尽快对已停电的用户恢复送电;调整电力系统的运行方式,使其恢复正常运行。事故时和事故后的联系汇报制度和汇报内容。电力系统的值班调度员领导各变电站值班人员处理系统发生的事故,事故时,发生事故的变电站值班人员应将有关情况及时报告管辖值班调度员、分公司调度、站长。调度员则根据汇报的情况判断分析,做出事故处理决定,下达命令。值班人员的汇报必须做到及时、全面、准确。误报和漏报,会对处理事故造成不良后果.紧急情况可先处理后汇报.如果事故时变电站与调度联系中断,则值班人员按规程规定处理事故,通讯恢复后应立即将事故情况和处理过程详细汇报.并应做好事做记录。

  经过短短的参观认识和电厂工作人员的介绍得知,在新中国成立之后的半个世纪中,中国的电力工业取得了迅速的发展,平均每年以10%以上的速度在增长,到2005年12月底,全国装机容量以突破5亿千瓦,无论在装机容量还是在发电量上都跃居世界第二位,仅次于美国。特别是进入上个世纪90年代以来,我国的电力平均每年新增装机容量超过17GW,使长期严重缺电的局面得到了基本缓解,国民经济和社会发展对电力的需求得到了基本满足。

  但是,我们目前还存在一些问题,首先是全国发电设备平均年利用小时逐年下降。其次是我国的人均用电水平底,远远落后于发达国家,大约是加拿大的1/20,美国的1/4,法国的1/8,全国至今还有上千万人没有用上电,而且近几年中国电力供需十分紧张,不少地区拉闸限电,可见,电力的发展还远远不够。

  电网从历史发展来看,可以分为四个阶段:电厂直配城市网、省区电网、跨省大区电网和跨大区联合电网.随着用电量不断增长,大型水电、火电和核电的建设,地区间电源与负荷的不平衡以及经济调度的需要,必然要求发展输电和联网,电压等级也随之逐步提高.从最初较低电压水平的6-10kv经历35kv、 110kv和220kv,发展到超高压的330kv、500kv和750kv电网,并且还有继续上升的趋势。

  现在回想起实习期间,往事还历历在目,有酸的,有甜的,有苦的,有辣的,各自心中滋味也只有自己最清楚。但是不可否认的却是这些经历将会是我人生当中不可多得的财富和经验的累积。毕业实习是每个大学生必须拥有的一段经历,它使我们在实践中了解社会,让我们学到了很多在课堂上根本就学不到的知识,也打开了视野,增长了见识,为我们以后进一步走向社会打下坚实的基础。

  四、实习总结

  通过这一次的实习,自己学到了许多原先在课本上学不到的东西,而且可以使自己更进一步接近社会,体会到市场跳动的脉搏,在市场的竞争受市场竞争规则的约束,从采购、生产到销售都与市场有着千丝万缕的联系,如何规避风险,如何开拓市场,如何保证企业的生存发展,这一切的一切都是那么的现实。于是理性的判断就显得重要了。在企业的实习过程中,我发现了自己看问题的角度,思考问题的方式也逐渐开拓,这与实践密不可分,在实践过程中,我又一次感受充实,感受成长。我还了解了变电所电气设备的构成、了解配电装置的布置形式及特点,并了解安全净距的意义。了解控制屏、保护屏的布置情况及主控室的总体布置情。在变电站工作,安全是最重要的一件事,所以我们牢记“安全第一、预防为主”的实习方针,加强《安规》学习,提高安全意识,更是我们的必修课。“变电站安全无小事”已在每个同学的心中打上深深的烙印。在这次实习中,我收益颇多,这些都是无形资产,将伴随我一生。这次参观可以看到变电站的管理可以说是军事化的管理模式。临走前,我看着一根根的输电线把电能输送到千家万户,给我们带来了光明,给我们带来了征服大自然的力量。此外,我们和站长的谈话中也学到了一些在社会上为人处世和工作的经验,让我知道怎样在平凡之中创造出不平凡。

  很快我们就要步入社会,面临就业了,就业单位不会像老师那样点点滴滴细致入微地把要做的工作告诉我们,更多的是需要我们自己去观察、学习。不具备这项能力就难以胜任未来的挑战。随着科学的迅猛发展,新技术的广泛应用,会有很多领域是我们未曾接触过的,只有敢于去尝试才能有所突破,有所创新。两周的实习带给我们的,不全是我所接触到的那些操作技能,也不仅仅是通过几项工种所要求我们锻炼的几种能力,更多的则需要我们每个人在实习结束后根据自己的情况去感悟,去反思,勤时自勉,有所收获,使这次实习达到了他的真正目的

  同时让我认识到社会是残酷的,没有文化、没有本领、懒惰,就注定你永远是社会的最底层!但同时社会又是美好的,只要你肯干、有进取心,它就会给你回报、让你得到自己想要的!

  总之,这次实习是有收获的,自己也有许多心得体会。感受颇深的一点是,理论学习是业务实战的基础,但实际工作与理论的阐述又是多么的不同,在工作的闲暇之间,在同一些工作多年的会计人员的交谈中,深知,在工作岗位上,有着良好的业务能力是基础能力,但怎样处理好与同事的关系,为自己和他人的工作创建一个和谐的氛围,又是那么的重要,于是也就更能体会在企业中“人和万事兴”的要义。

  最后,还要感谢在实习过程中给予我很大帮助的各位师傅,是在你们的关怀和照顾下,我才得以顺利的结束为期两周的实习,学会了很多课堂上学不到的东西。此外,也要对我的实习导师刘柏生老师致以深深的敬意,在以后的毕业设计过程中还需要您的细心指导,您辛苦了!

  核电厂实习报告3000字2

  大学的时光过得很快乐,现在大三的学习旅程就快结束了,大学的第二次实习也来临了。这次实习我们是去XXX发电厂有限公司和广州黄埔电厂。大学的实习机会没多少次,很难得,也很重要。机会总是要自己把握的,把握好了实习机会,重视了实习,实习中善于思考,把所学知识跟实际结合,就能提升自己的见识,就能扩宽自己的视野,就能提高自己的学习能力。

  The college days have been very happy, now third learning journey is coming to an end, Second College internship is coming. This practice we are going to XXX Power Plant Co. Ltd. and Guangzhou Whampoa power plant. The University internship not how many times, very rare, is also very important. The opportunity is to grasp their own and a good grasp of the importance of the internship, internship, internship in thinking, to study the knowledge and practice, will be able to enhance their knowledge, can broaden their horizons, to improve their learning ability.

  就像第一次实习那样,我充分做好实习准备,准备好问题,准备好思考。在实习前一个星期,我在图书馆阅读了大量关于火力发电厂的书,还了解了水力发电、核能发电等。这实习前的准备就让我获益非浅了。

  Like the first time that I do a good job of internship, internship ready, ready, ready to think. In practice, a week ago, I read a lot of books about thermal power plant in the library, but also to understand the water power, nuclear power and so on. This practice before let me benefit.

  一、 实习目的及任务

  I. objectives and tasks of the internship

  生产实习是热能与动力工程专业教学计划中的重要组成部分,是一个重要的实践性教学环节。它是在学生基本完成专业基础课程学习,并已通过了《金工实习》、《认识实习》和《电工电子技术实训》等实践教学环节的锻炼以后进行的。它是课堂教学的必要补充,也是实践教学环节的延伸,是贯彻理论联系实际原则,使认识进一步深化的过程,同时也是学生在校学习期间接触和了解社会,了解企业的重要途径,是学生向工人学习的最好机会,也是毕业后参加实际工作的一次预演。它为实现专业培养目标起着重要作用。在生产实习中,学生应深入生产现场,认真实习,获取直接知识,巩固所学理论。其主要教学目的有:

  Production practice is an important part of the teaching plan in thermal energy and power engineering, is an important part of the practical teaching. It is the professional basic courses of study in students, and has passed the < < > of metalworking practice, cognition practice "and" electrical and electronic technology training and practice teaching "exercise. It is a necessary complement to classroom teaching, but also the extension of practice teaching, is to implement the principle of theory with practice, to further deepen the understanding of the process, but also the students contact and understand the world, understand the important way of enterprise, is the best opportunity for students to learn from workers, it was also a preview after graduation in the actual work. The target plays an important role for professional training. In the production practice, the students should go to the production site, the earnest practice, direct access to knowledge, consolidate the theory. The main teaching aims are:

  1.通过参加实际生产工作,灵活运用已学的理论知识解决实际问题,培养学生独立分析问题和解决问题的能力。

  1., by participating in the actual production work, we should flexibly apply the theoretical knowledge we have learned to solve practical problems, and cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve problems independently

  2.实习过程中,学生不断学习广大工人和现场技术人员的优秀品质,树立刻苦钻研科学技术为祖国现代化多作贡献的思想。

  2. during the course of practice, students continue to learn the excellent quality of workers and on-site technicians, and set up the idea of assiduously studying science and technology and making more contributions to the modernization of the motherland

  3.通过火电厂的生产实习,应熟练掌握火力发电厂热力过程的基本原理,整个发电过程的工艺流程。

  3., through the practice of thermal power plant, we should master the basic principle of thermal process of thermal power plant and the whole process of power generation process

  4.通过火电厂的生产实习,理解火力发电过程中电厂集控运行系统及输配电方法。

  4., through the practice of thermal power plant, understand the power plant centralized control operation system and the power transmission and distribution method in the process of thermal power generation

  5.通过火电厂的生产实习,了解从事电力生产、电力安装和电力设计所必需具备的基本知识和能力

  5., through the production practice of thermal power plant, to understand the basic knowledge and ability necessary for power production, power installation and power design

  6.通过火电厂的生产实习,收集与本专业相关的技术资料并认真分析,为后续的专业课程学习和毕业设计做准备。

  6., through the production practice of thermal power plant, collect technical data related to this specialty, and make a careful analysis to prepare for the follow-up study of specialized courses and graduation project

  二、总休认识

  Two, total rest awareness

  (一)火电厂的基本生产流程

  (1) the basic production process of a thermal power plant

  见下图火电厂发电过程示意图:

  See schematic diagram of power generation process in thermal power plant:

  烯煤由安装在斜棚内的皮带输煤机送到原煤斗,再送入磨煤机制成煤粉,经排粉风机送入锅炉燃烧。煤粉燃烧时所需要的空气由送风机送至布置在锅炉尾部的空气预热器加热。热空气的一部分(一次风)通过排粉风机进入磨煤机,用以加热、干燥煤粉,连同煤粉一同经燃烧器进入炉膛;另一部分(二次风)经燃烧器直接进入炉膛参与燃烧。煤粉在炉膛燃烧时将化学能转化为热能,放出大量热量。燃烧所产生的高温烟气从炉膛依次通过布置在炉顶水平烟道和尾部烟道的过热器、再热器、省煤器和空气预热器,最后经除尘设备、引风机、烟囱排放到高空大气中。燃烧中的灰份及未完全燃烧的炭粒将落到炉膛底部的渣斗内,同从除尘器中除下的细灰一起落入地沟被高压水冲走,经灰浆泵最后送灰场。

  Ene coal by the installation of belt conveyer in the inclined shed to the original coal mill made by sending pulverized coal into powder exhaust fan into the boiler combustion. The coal combustion air from the blower to arranged in the air preheater heating boiler. A part of the hot air (a wind) the fan into the mill, used for heating, drying pulverized coal, pulverized coal into the furnace together with the burner together; the other part (two wind) by the burner directly into the furnace in combustion of pulverized coal in furnace combustion. The chemical energy into heat, sent a large amount of heat generated by the combustion of high temperature flue gas. From the top followed by arranged in the horizontal flue and tail flue superheater, reheater, economizer and air preheater, the dust removal equipment, fan, chimney emissions into the atmosphere. And the whole combustion ash to combustion of carbon particles It will fall into the slag hopper at the bottom of the furnace, and will fall into the ditch with the fine ash removed from the dust remover and be washed away by high pressure water. The ash pump will be sent to the ash yard at the end

  作为工质的给水由给水泵升压后经汽轮机高压加热器送至锅炉省煤器,给水在省煤器中吸收尾部烟道貌岸然中烟气的热量后进入汽包,然后从布置在炉墙外的下降管经下连箱进入布置在炉膛四壁的水冷壁,吸收煤粉燃烧时的辐射热。给水流经水冷壁时,有一部分水蒸发成蒸汽,并以汽水混全物的形式流入汽包。汽水混合物在洋鬼子包中经分离后,蒸汽(饱和蒸汽)进入过热器进行过热后形成过热蒸汽。过热蒸汽由主蒸汽管送入汽轮机作功,对于中间再热泪盈眶汽轮机来说,过热泪盈眶蒸汽首先进入高压缸作功,然后从高压缸排出的蒸汽又送回锅炉再热器进行再过热,在温度提高到和新蒸汽相同温度后再送汽轮机中、低压缸继续膨胀做功,带动发电机发电。在汽轮机中作过功的泛汽最后排入凝汽器凝结成水,并流入凝汽器底部的热井,经凝结水泵、低压加热泪盈眶器送入除氧器除氧后落入水箱,重新由给水泵升压后送锅炉吸热泪盈眶,以循环使用。

  As the water refrigerant through the water supply pump booster after high-pressure heater of steam turbine to boiler economizer, water absorption of flue gas flue sanctimonious in the heat in the economizer after entering the drum, and then routed from the decline in the outside of the furnace wall tube by connecting box is arranged in the water cooled wall into the furnace walls. Absorb radiant heat during combustion of pulverized coal. For water through the water wall, a part of the water evaporated into steam, and steam to blend the form into the drum. Soda mixture in the foreign devils bag after separation, steam (saturated steam) enters the superheater of the formation of superheated steam superheated steam from the main steam. Steam into the steam turbine for power, and then tears for the middle of steam turbine, steam superheated tears first into the high pressure cylinder power, steam and then discharged from a high-pressure cylinder and then back to the Boiler Reheater Overheating in high temperature and The same temperature after sending new steam turbine, low pressure cylinder expansion continues, driven generators. A steam pan and finally into the condenser in the turbine power condenses into water, and into the condenser hot well bottom, the condensate pump, low pressure heating device into tears in oxygen into the deaerator water tank, water pump to boost evacuation by boiler heat absorption tears, to recycle.

  火电厂的种类虽然很多,但从能量转换的观点分析,其基本过程都是相同的,即:燃料的化学能→热能→机械能→电能。

  Although there are many kinds of thermal power plants, the basic process is the same from the viewpoint of energy conversion, that is, chemical energy of fuel, heat energy, mechanical energy and electricity

  (二)火电厂的几大组成组成:

  (two) several major components of a thermal power plant:

  火电厂是利用煤、石油、天然气或其他燃料的化学能生产电能的工厂。主要组成部分有:

  A thermal power plant is a factory where electricity is produced by the chemical energy of coal, oil, natural gas, or other fuels:

  (1) 锅炉及附属设备,确保燃料的化学能转化为热能。 (2) 汽轮机及附属设备,确保热能变为机械能。 (3) 发电机及励磁机,确保机械能变为电能。 4) 主变压器,把电能提升为高压电输送给输电线路。

  (1) boiler and ancillary equipment, to ensure that the fuel chemical energy into heat. (2) steam turbine and auxiliary equipment, to ensure that the heat energy into mechanical energy. (3) generator and exciter, ensure the mechanical energy into electrical energy. 4) the main transformer, the electric energy can be promoted to high voltage power transmission to line.

  一、 燃料系统

  I. fuel system

  我国的煤炭资源丰富,故我国火电厂的燃料主要是煤。电厂的燃煤量是很大的,因此火电厂都设有运量大、机械化自动化程度高的燃煤运输系统。

  The coal resources in our country are rich, so the fuel of thermal power plants in China is mainly coal. The coal-fired power plants are very large. Therefore, the thermal power plants have coal transportation systems with large capacity, mechanization and high degree of automation

  新会双水发电厂有限公司和广州黄埔电厂的燃煤都是船运的,把煤运到电厂的码头再卸到煤场去。

  Coal Xinhui Shuangshui Power Plant Co. Ltd. and Guangzhou Whampoa power plant is shipping, the coal to the power plant dock and then unloaded to the yard.

  (一)输煤系统及煤场设备: (1)、卸煤:设备有装卸桥、门抓及桥抓。都是把煤抓出,放到要放受卸设备。 (2)、煤场:为了电厂厂安全生产的需要,设置煤场,储备一定数量的煤,在外来运煤暂中断的情况下,能保证电厂正常生产;也可用于当锅炉燃煤量与运煤量不均衡时起缓冲作用;又可作为不同煤种的先配与混全场地。 (3)、上煤:主要作用是完成煤的输送、破碎、筛分、分计量等。设备有:带式运输机、煤筛、碎煤机、除铁器、除木块设备、电子皮带称等。

  (a) coal system and coal yard equipment: (1), coal unloading: Crane equipment, bridge and door catch catch. Coal is put out, put on unloading equipment. (2), coal yard: to production safety, power plant set coal yard, reserve a certain amount of coal. In the coal transported temporarily interrupt the situation, can guarantee the normal production of power plant; can also be used when the boiler coal consumption with coal quantity equilibrium buffer; and it can be used as the first match with different kinds of coal mixed with the whole site. (3), coal: the main role is to complete the coal transportation, broken. Screening, measurement and so on. Equipment: belt conveyor, crusher, coal screen, iron remover, in addition to wood equipment, electronic belt scales.

  (二)制粉系统

  (two) pulverizing system

  制粉系统分直吹式制粉系统和中间储仓式制粉系统。 直吹式制粉系统是磨煤机磨出的煤粉直接吹入炉膛燃烧。中间储仓式制粉系统是磨煤机磨好的煤粉先储存在煤粉仓中,然后再根据锅炉燃烧需要,煤粉从煤粉仓经给粉机|一次风管送入锅炉燃烧室燃烧的制粉系统。

  The coal pulverizing system consists of pulverizing system and middle storage pulverizing system. Coal pulverizing system is directly blown into the furnace chamber grinding mill combustion. Middle storage pulverizing system is the existence of coal in coal mill good first reservoir, and then according to the needs of boiler combustion, pulverized coal from the coal powder feeder | primary air pipe into the combustion chamber of the boiler pulverizing system.

  煤粉的制备:设备是磨煤机。 磨煤机按转速可分为低速磨煤机、中速磨煤机和高速磨煤机。主要的工作原理是:原煤和空气进入磨煤机筒体内,当筒体转动时,波浪型的衬板将钢球提到一定高度,然后落下,煤在筒体内既受到钢球的撞击,同时又受到钢球的挤压和碾磨,最终被破碎成煤粉。空气对原煤和煤粉起干革命燥作用,同时将煤粉通过出口料斗带出磨煤机。

  Coal preparation equipment is a coal mill. Mill according to the rotational speed can be divided into low speed coal mill, coal pulverizer and high-speed mill. The main working principle is: coal mill and air into the cylinder, when the cylinder rotates, liner wave will be referred to the ball a certain height, then fall down, coal in the cylinder by the steel ball impact, but also by the ball milling and extrusion, was eventually broken into coal. The air revolution dry effect on coal and coal, while the coal through the outlet hopper with a coal mill.

  三、锅炉

  Three boiler

  (一)锅炉是火力发电厂的三大主要设备之一,他的作用是将水变成高温高压的蒸汽。锅炉是进行燃料燃烧、传热和使水汽化三种过程的总和装置。

  (1) the boiler is one of the three major equipments in the thermal power plant. Its function is to change water into high temperature and high pressure steam. The boiler is the total device for the three processes of fuel burning, heat transfer and water vaporization

  这次实习参观的新会双水发电厂有限公司和广州黄埔电厂它们的锅炉分别是循环流化床锅炉和直流锅炉。

  The internship will visit the new double water power plant limited and Guangzhou Whampoa power plant, their boilers are circulating fluidized bed boiler and direct current boiler

  循环流化床锅:固定炉排炉是将煤放置在炉排上,从炉排下方通入空气,使煤层燃烧。而循环流化床锅炉,则是将炉排炉的炉排下方送入空气的速度提高,使炉排上的煤粒被吹起呈沸腾状态悬浮燃烧。同时在炉膛出口,将高温烟气进行除尘,并将收集到的含碳量较多的飞灰送回炉膛再燃烧。采用这种方式燃烧的锅炉叫循环流化床锅炉。

  CFB boiler: fixed grate furnace is placed in the coal on the grate, pass into the air from the grate below, the coal combustion and circulating fluidized bed boiler is below a fire grate grate into the air speed increased, the grate coal particles are blown in boiling state of suspension combustion. At the same time at the furnace exit. The high temperature flue gas dust, and will collect the carbon content of fly ash are sent back into the chamber and combustion boiler. The combustion is called circulating fluidized bed boiler.

  直流锅炉:是指靠给水泵压力,使给水顺序通过省煤器、蒸发受热面(水冷壁)、过热器并全部变为过热水蒸气的锅炉。

  Boiler feedwater pump: depend on pressure, make the water sequentially through the economizer, evaporation (water wall, superheater) and all into the boiler water vapor.

  (二)锅炉设备的构成及布置

  (two) composition and arrangement of boiler equipment;

  锅炉设备由锅炉本体和辅助设备两大部分组成。这些设备在我们实习期间所看到听到的。

  Boiler equipment consists of two major parts, the boiler body and auxiliary equipment, which we have seen and heard during our internship

  1锅炉本体部分 (1) 汽水系统 ① 省煤器。省煤器布置在锅炉尾部烟道烟温较低的区域。它是由若干排蛇形管构成,其内部流动着从给水泵来的水,吸收烟气中的热量,把水加热到饱和温度后送入汽包。 ② 水冷壁。水冷壁是布置在炉膛墙壁四周内侧垂直的管排。它既吸收燃料燃烧后放出的辐射热,加热其内部的饱和水,使之变为汽水混合物,以对炉墙起保护作用而不被烧坏,防止炉墙结渣,避免熔渣对炉墙的侵蚀。 ③ 汽包。其内部装有汽水分离器。在汽水循环中,它起中枢作用。它有较大的容积,既容水又容汽。 ④ 联箱。有上联箱和下联箱。 ⑤ 下降管。它是汽包向水冷壁下联箱供水的通道,布置在炉墙外边,不受热,不产生蒸汽 ⑥ 过热器。是提高蒸汽温度啬蒸汽内能的设备,由蛇形管排构成。它布置在炉膛出口后烟温较高的烟道中。 ⑦ 再热器。蒸汽在汽轮机做功后,压力和温度大大降低,送入再热器加热,提高其温度啬其内能后,返回汽轮机的低压段做功,从而提高热效率。它一般与过热器交叉布置在烟道的高温区。

  The 1 part of the boiler body (1) of the steam water system of economizer, economizer arranged in the boiler tail flue gas temperature low area. It is composed of a plurality of rows of serpentine tube, the internal flow from the pump to the water absorption of flue gas in the heat, heat the water to saturation temperature in steam evacuation the package. The water cooled wall. Water cooling wall is arranged in the furnace walls inside the vertical pipe. It absorbs radiant heat from fuel combustion, heating the saturated water inside, make soda mixture, in order to protect the effect on the furnace wall rather than being burned to prevent slagging in furnace wall to avoid slag, furnace wall erosion. 3. The drum inside the separator. In the steam cycle, it plays a pivotal role. It has a large volume of water and steam is easy. The header. The upper header and a lower header. The drop tube. It is the drum to the water wall the lower box water channel, cloth The heat in the furnace wall outside, does not produce the steam superheater steam temperature is improved. The equipment can increase the steam, by coil arrays. It is arranged in the furnace outlet flue gas temperature higher. After the reheater steam turbine. In the work, the pressure and temperature of reheater heating into greatly reduced. It can raise the temperature increase, after the return of the steam turbine low pressure work, so as to improve the thermal efficiency. It is generally arranged in the flue of the superheater and cross the high temperature zone.

  (2) 燃烧系统 ① 空气预热器。是加热空气的设备。布置在烟道中烟温较低的部位,可进一步降低烟气温度,养活热损失,提高锅炉热效率。 ② 喷燃器。是煤粉锅炉的燃烧设备。 ③ 炉膛及烟道。炉墙是由水冷壁管围起来的大空间,在水冷壁管外侧有炉墙,炉墙把整个锅炉封闭与外部隔开。烟道是由炉墙围起来的烟气通道,把炉膛出口的烟气按要求引入除尘器。

  (2) the combustion system of air preheater. Is air heating equipment. The flue gas temperature is arranged in the lower part, can further reduce the flue gas temperature, feed heat loss, improve thermal efficiency of the boiler. The burner's combustion equipment. The pulverized coal fired boiler. The furnace and the flue furnace wall is composed of water wall. Tube enclosed space, in the water wall outside the furnace wall, the furnace wall of the boiler flue is closed and separated. The external smoke channel enclosed by the furnace wall, the outlet flue gas of boiler according to the requirements into the dust.

  2锅炉的辅助设备

  2 auxiliary equipment for boilers

  ①送风机 ② 引风机 ③排粉机 ④给粉机 ⑤细粉分离器 ⑥煤粉仓 ⑦ 给粉机 ⑧螺旋输粉机

  The blower fan of the row of powder machine give powder machine, fine powder separator the coal powder feeder, the spiral powder conveyer

  四、汽轮机

  Four, turbine

  这学期我们刚好学习了汽轮机原理这门课程,实习让我们更加直观的感受了汽轮机。理论跟现实是不大一样的,实习中我把上课获得的知识和电厂师傅们的说解对比理解,对汽轮机又有了进一步的了解。

  This term we are just learning the principle of steam turbine in the course of practice makes us more intuitive feeling of the steam turbine. The theory and the reality is not the same, I said. The comparison class to gain knowledge and understanding of the master power plant practice of steam turbine has a further understanding.

  (一) 汽轮机是以蒸汽为工质的旋转式热能动力机械,汽轮机的主要用途是作为发电用的原动机。汽轮机必须与锅炉、发电机、以及凝汽器、加热器、泵等机械设备组成成套装置,共同工作。具有一定压力和温度的蒸汽来自锅炉,经主气阀和调节气阀进入汽轮机内,一次流过一系列环形安装的喷嘴栅和动叶栅而膨胀做功,将其热能转换成推动汽轮机转子旋转的机械功,通过联轴器驱动发电机做功。在火电厂中,膨胀做工后的蒸汽有汽轮机排气部分被引入冷凝器,冷却水放热而凝结。凝结水再经泵输送至加热器中加热后作为锅炉给水,循环工作。

  (a) steam turbine is for rotary thermal power mechanical refrigerants, mainly use steam turbine is the original motivation as electricity. The steam turbine and generator, and to the boiler, condenser, heater, pump and other components of mechanical equipment installation, work together with a certain temperature and pressure of steam from the boiler. The main valve and control valve into the steam turbine, a nozzle gate through a series of ring mounting and moving cascade and expansion, the thermal energy is transformed into mechanical power driven rotation of the turbine rotor, drive motor through the coupling work. In thermal power plant, steam expansion after work is part of the turbine exhaust is introduced the condenser, cooling water heat and condensation. Condensate by heating pump to the heater as boiler water, circulating.

  汽轮机包括静止部分和转动部分。静止部分包括汽缸、喷嘴及隔板、汽封、轴承等。转子由大轴、叶轮、叶轮上的叶片及其他一些部件组成,是汽轮机的重要组成部分。

  The steam turbine includes a stationary part and rotation part. The stationary part comprises a cylinder, nozzle and plate seal, bearing. The rotor is composed of main shaft, impeller, impeller blades and other components, is an important part of the steam turbine.

  下图为汽轮机的结构图:

  The following is the structural diagram of the turbine:

  汽轮机按工作原理分为两类:冲动式汽轮机和反动式汽轮机。 喷嘴栅和与其相配的动叶栅组成汽轮机中最基本的工作单元“级”,不同的级顺序串联构成多级汽轮机。蒸汽在级中以不同方式进行能量转换,便形成不同工作原理的汽轮机,即冲动式汽轮机和反动式汽轮机。

  According to the working principle of steam turbine is divided into two categories: impulse turbine and turbine working unit. "The basic level" nozzle gate and matched with the steam turbine rotor cascade composition, different level order is a series of multistage turbine. Steam in the stage in a different way of energy conversion, they formed different steam turbine the principle of the impulse turbine and turbine.

  (1)冲动式汽轮机。主要有冲动级组成,在级中蒸汽基本上在喷嘴栅中膨胀,在动叶栅中只有少量膨胀。

  (1) the impulse steam turbine is mainly composed of impulse stage. In the stage, the steam basically expands in the nozzle grid, and only a small amount of expansion is applied to the moving Ye Zhazhong

  (2)反动式汽轮机。主要有反动级组成,蒸汽在汽轮机的静叶栅和动叶栅中都有相当适度的膨胀。

  (2) turbine. The main reaction stage, steam turbine static cascade and the blades are quite modest expansion.

  (二)汽轮机的辅助设备

  (two) auxiliary equipment of steam turbine;

  汽轮机的辅助设备包括凝汽器、回热加热器、除氧器、给水泵和凝结水泵等。

  Auxiliary equipment for steam turbines includes condensers, regenerative heaters, deaerator, feed pumps, and condensate pumps

  (1)凝汽器:它的作用是冷却汽轮机乏汽并使其凝结成水,从而在汽轮机排汽口建立并保持高度真空。

  (1) condenser: its function is to cool the steam turbine's exhausted steam and condense it into water, so as to establish and maintain a high vacuum at the exhaust port of the steam turbine

  (2)回热加热器:设置回热加热器是为了减少冷源损失,提高效率。它的作用是利用从汽轮机的某些中间级抽出部分做过功的蒸汽,加热主凝结水和锅炉给水。回热加热器有高压加热器(给水泵后的加热器)和低压加热器(凝结水泵与除氧器之间的加热器)之分,其结构基本相同。

  (2) the heater heater is set in order to reduce cold source loss and improve efficiency. Its role is to use spare part from some of the intermediate level of the steam turbine steam heating work done, the main condensate and boiler. A high pressure heater heater (water heater pump after) and low pressure heater (condensation heater between the pump and the deaerator) points, its structure is basically the same.

  (三)除氧器:它的工作原理是:在一定压力下,水的温度越高,气体的溶解度越小,反之气体的溶解度就越大。同时气体在水面的分压力越高,其溶解度就越大,反之,其溶解度也越低。

  (three) deaerator: its working principle is: under certain pressure, the higher the temperature of the water, the gas solubility is smaller, the greater the solubility of gas and gas pressure on the surface of the water. At the same time, the higher the solubility is greater, on the contrary, its solubility is also lower.

  五、发电机

  Five generator

  (一)汽轮发电机

  (1) turbo generator

  它的基本工作原理:按照电磁感应定律,导线切割磁力线感应出电动势。 发电机最基本的组成部件是:定子和转子。

  Its basic working principle: according to the law of electromagnetic induction, the wire cuts the magnetic lines of force to induce electromotive force. The basic components of the generator are stator and rotor

  (1)定子由铁芯、定子绕组、机座、端盖及轴承等组成。

  (1) the stator consists of an iron core, a stator winding, a base, an end cap and bearings

  (2)转子主要由转子铁芯、励磁绕组、护环和风扇等组成。

  (2) the rotor is mainly composed of rotor core, excitation winding, retaining ring and fan

  六、两电厂对比

  Six, two power plant comparison

  1、XXX发电厂有限公司的锅炉采用的是循环流化床锅炉;广州黄埔电厂的锅炉是用直流锅炉。直流锅炉是没有汽包部分的,可用于一切压力,水冷壁布置较自由,调节反应快。

  1, boiler XXX Power Plant Co. Ltd. is used in circulating fluidized bed boiler; boiler in Guangzhou Whampoa power plant is used. There is no direct boiler boiler drum part, can be used for all kinds of pressure, water cooling wall is free, adjusting the reaction quickly.

  2、XXX发电厂寻求集群发展,引进造纸基地;黄埔电厂是广州的重点电厂,有着重要地位。

  2, XXX power plant seeking cluster development, the introduction of paper base; Whampoa power plant is a key power plant in Guangzhou, has an important position

  3、XXXX电厂的员工要求全能发展, 这就要求员工进厂后要继续培训,这增加了培训费用,但提高了员工素质,减少了用人负担。

  3, XXXX power plant staff require all-round development, which requires employees to continue training after entering the factory, which increases the training costs, but improve the quality of staff, reducing the burden on personnel

  实习收获与体会:

  Practice, harvest and experience:

  两周的实习时间很快就结束了,时间虽然不长,但对于我们学生来说已经 受益非浅了。通过这次实习,我从总体上认识了火力发电厂,切实对火力发电 厂主要生产设备的基本结构、工作原理及性能等有一个系统、全面的了解。电 厂里面结构复杂,设备繁多,面对电厂才知自己的知识是多么的少。在学校学 习我们都似乎知道锅炉是怎样的,但到了电厂面对几十米高的锅炉,自己就不 懂了,看到的都是管道,似乎电厂就是用管道建成的。那些管道是怎样走的怎 样布置的,这些我一点都不懂。学习是无止境的,知道自己的不足,就补过来, 知道自己的无知,就继续学习,现在在学校应努力学,将来到了社可以继续学。 此次实习,让我对自己的专业有更深层次的认识,并为后续专业课程的学习提供 必要的感性认识和基础知识。当今技术日新月异,要想有所成就,就必须不断 学习,不断更新自己的知识,拓宽知识面,学以致用,把知识应用于实际。

  The two week internship time soon ended, although the time is not long, but for our students have benefited. Through this internship, I know the power plant on the whole, the basic structure and the thermal power plant the main production equipment, working principle and performance of such a system. Comprehensive understanding of the complex structure. Inside the plant, equipments, power plants face to know their knowledge of how little. In school we all seem to know what is the boiler in the power plant boiler, but in the face of tens of meters high, you do not understand, see all the pipes, pipe is built seems to power plant. The pipeline is to go to the layout of these, I do not know. Learning is endless, know my own shortcomings, make over, know their ignorance, keep learning, schools should strive to learn now in the future. The agency can continue to learn. This practice, let me have a deeper understanding of their profession, and for the follow-up professional courses to provide the necessary basic knowledge and perceptual knowledge. The technology change rapidly, want to succeed, we must constantly learning, constantly their knowledge, broaden their knowledge and practice and the application of knowledge in practice.

【核电厂实习报告3000字】相关文章:

核电厂核事故应急演习管理规定09-12

审计实习报告11-15

行政实习报告09-19

设计实习报告04-30

实习报告标准04-25

钢铁实习报告04-19

实习报告思想总结11-25

实习报告思想总结11-25

审计实习报告范文11-21

财务审计实习报告11-13