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开题报告下载

时间:2022-10-05 20:04:05 论文范文 我要投稿

开题报告模板范文下载

  一份标准的论文,开题报告是必需要书写完整的,告诉别人你这篇论文的主题以及研究的背景!以下是开题报告模板范文,请阅读!

开题报告模板范文下载

  课题结题报告的撰写格式以及要求【1】

  格式如下:

  一,标题,署名

  标题是文章的"窗户".一个好的标题常常可以起到极好的"点睛"作用.一些有经验的编辑和专家,往往只要一看标题,就可以大概地判断文章的好坏.所以,给研究报告取个好标题是十分重要的.

  研究报告的标题常常直接采用研究报告的名称,这样显得精确,明了,使人能对研究的问题一目了然.研究报告的标题不但应反映该项研究的核心问题,而且应能引起读者对报告的兴趣和注意.因此,要简短,明确,并注意采用读者感兴趣的措词.

  标题下的署名是表示研究者对该项研究及报告的负责.署名大多是研究者的真实姓名,也可以用笔名.有时参加的人员很多,不便一一署名,可以署00课题组,00课题协作组等.

  二,前言,引言

  报告的第一部分,常常以前言或引言的形式,非常简要地阐述下列内容:

  1.课题提出的缘由;

  2.研究这一课题的意义;

  3.目前国内外在这一方面的研究成果,现状,问题及趋势;

  4.该项研究所要解决的问题.

  鉴于这一部分所要述及的内容,有时也可直接以"目的,意义"作为该一小节的标题.这一部分虽然只是报告的引言,但它却可以显示该项研究的学术地位,使人们了解该项研究在教育理论和实践上的价值,在有关领域中的重要性。

  以及在国内外同类研究中所处的水平.前言应简洁,明了,字数不宜太多.因此,前言要注意措词,使之既实事求是地介绍情况,又能恰到好处地赢得读者的信赖和注意.

  三,研究方法,手段

  这一部分主要是向读者交代研究方法及研究过程,目的是为了让读者了解整个研究的全过程,以便评价整个研究在方法论和教育理论研究上的科学性和客观性,让读者据此决定是否承认和接受该项研究所得出的结果.

  研究方法的介绍主要包括:研究对象的取样和选择,研究因素的操作与控制,资料的收集与处理等方面所采用的方法与实施的技术手段.此外,还应包括对研究课题中出现的主要概念的定义和阐述,以及对研究所采用的特殊工具,设备以及一些特殊方法手段的介绍.

  如果这一部分内容较多,或附有设计的图纸,量表,调查问卷,测试题等,应以附录的形式附在后面.方法的介绍应注意条理清楚,交代明白,使别人可以据此重复研究,而具体实施的措施介绍则未必如课题设计方案那样周详细致了.

  研究方法的介绍常常可按研究过程的顺序逐一展开,在介绍过程中如果涉及一些专业性的概念或说法,则应注意用词的准确性.

  四,结果,讨论

  结果是研究报告的实质部分,撰写这一部分的主要目的,就是要将研究结果作为客观事实呈示给读者.这一部分主要包括两个内容:一是对在研究中所收集的原始文献资料和观察资料,实验资料经过初步整理,分析的结果,如对定性资料的归纳,列条,对定量资料列出图表等;

  二是对资料初步整理分析后,采用一些逻辑或统计的技术手段,推断出研究的最后结果或结论.与其他学科研究报告有所不同的是,教育科学一些研究者往往更注重定性分析,更注重举例说明问题,即使数据,往往也停留在例举和罗列的水平上.有鉴于此。

  应该强调,在研究报告中既要重视定性的分析,更要注重定量的分析,既可以有一两个典型事例或一些数据为佐证,更要有对客观数据资料的统计分析处理.撰写这一部分时应注意以下几点:

  1.不可以一概全,单纯从逻辑的角度推出结论,而要重视定量与定性的综合分析.

  2.对于数据资料,不应停留在仅仅作为事例例举的水平上,而应采用一些统计分析的技术,从数量的变化中揭示事物的本质属性.

  3.在统计图表上出现过的事实,没有必要再用文字重复叙述,只要指出这些数字所说明的问题即可.

  4.结果仅仅是对研究所收集的事实材料的客观归纳.在这一部分只可以例举客观材料,严谨地提出结论,切忌夸夸其谈,妄下结论,任意引申和发挥.

  5.研究结果应以事实与数字为主,文字叙述要简洁明了,结论要明晰准确.

  讨论是对研究研究者根据研究得出的客观事实和结论,结合自己对教育理论和实践的认识和了解,通过分析和思考,对当前教育理论和实践的发展提出自己的认识,建议和设想.因此,这一部分常常以"分析与讨论","讨论与建议","几点建议","几点思考"等作标题.

  结果与讨论合而为一,或先呈示结果,接着讨论,或夹叙夹议,交叉进行.然后,无论形式如何,我们应该明确地看到它们之间的本质区别.研究结果呈现的是研究中的客观事实,它应该是基本肯定的,并可以在相同的研究中重复出现,而讨论则是主观的认识与分析,是研究者将研究的结果引向理论认识和实践应用的桥梁.

  2017英语专业论文开题报告范文【2】

  一、选题的目的、意义和必要性:

  datang teashop is a privately owned tea shop. it established in XX, and is located beside the main road, youyi avenue, in the home world shopping mall. business scope mainly involves selling several kinds of tea and tea-sets. 15 employees are in datang teashop. 5 employees are in charge of management in datang. it attracts a large number of people over twenty-five-year-old persons in the local area.

  in the past two years, datang teashop operated steadily. it had a certain client group, and a good prestige. however, with the improvement of living standard, the teashop does not meet the heightened demands of the clients in the local area. people want to purchase middle and high-class tea and tea set with reasonable prices and good quality services. there were some clients complained that our services fell short of their expectations. in addition, more and more people enjoy tea, tea set and tea culture. and now, more and more people enjoy their leisure time with having a cup of tea. it is a green and healthy method for people to spend the leisure time. therefore, datang teashop must make an expansion and improvement project to meet the client’s need.

  however, datang teashop only occupies an area of 84 square meters now, which is hindering the shop from expanding its services. the management planned to offer a wider range of services but the limited space has constrained the implementation. some clients complained about the insufficient stock and staff, limited sorts of tea, narrow space, and short of service.

  in order to solve the problems, datang teashop decided to reform and innovate the service system and handling method, expand the business scope and scale, establish the especial sale form, broaden datang teashop’s prestige, improve the propaganda about “having a cup of tea scientifically”. thereby, datang teashop will attract the client and meet the client’s need,stress the charming of the tea culture and raise the sales volume.

  it’s the goal of this expansion project to continue the advantage of datang teashop to meet the market need, and make datang teashop become the challenger in the market competition consistently.

  二、研究的重点与过程设计

  according to current situation, datang teashop’s sales volume sometimes shows a little decent tendency. furthermore there are several problems hindering the development of datang. this expansion project will research and analysis the recent problems of datang teashop and make a detailed plan to solve problems. it will improve in the aspect of sales space, attendants, equipments, and sales methods.

  1. problems analysis

  1.1 limit space in the teashop.

  1.2 attendants in datang teashop floated quickly.

  1.3 insufficient equipment in the shop.

  1.3.1 shortage of shelves.

  1.3.2 not any net equipment in the shop. and there was not website for datang teashop.

  1.3.3 old finance software is in need of updating in time.

  1.4 unique method in sale.

  2. resolution

  if datang teashop goes on selling as usual, it should meet the crisis with decrease of sales volume and floating of customers. according to problems analysis, datang teashop will take following measures to solve the main problems and set forth several improvement plans.

  2.1 for limit sales space

  rent the nearest shop to expand the sales space. it is about 50 square meters. the last sales area can reach 130 square meters.

  2.2 for attendants floating quickly

  2.2.1 recruiting 4 new staff with experiences.

  2.2.2 combining theory with practice.

  2.2.3 salary will be paid out by the results of achievement assessment and knowledge test every month..

  2.3 for insufficient equipment

  2.3.1 purchase adsl equipment, apply to set up network.

  2.3.2 renovate new finance software.

  2.4 expand the way of sales.

  2.4.1 supplementary sale by promotion activity, mainly sale by selling in the shop.

  2.4.2 visit the customer to sell at his house and enterprise, restaurant and hotel, sub district and government office.

  2.4.3 sell on line.

  三、研究方法

  research approach:

  for reaching problem analysis, cause analysis, case analysis, customer survey, questionnaire, brainstorming, questionnaire and swot analysis are to be used in the expansion project. they were adopted in analysis customers’ demand, make a new sales plan. and finally do successfully to improve the service and increase the sales volume.

  四、预期结果

  through practice this expansion project, we hope to reach the following six aims.

  1. expand the prestige of datang teashop.

  2. establish the unique tea culture of datang teashop.

  3. decent the attendants’ floating rate, and improve the attendants’ service level.

  4. expand the business space and scope.

  5. innovate the equipment, increase the service contents, and exchange the business method.

  6. increase the sales volume by 20%.

  as a result of this project, datang teashop is expected to make profits 25% higher than before. and we could adjust the project to meet the customer’s demand.

  平面广告设计论文开题报告【3】