屠呦呦演讲稿英文版
这样客观上就增加了发现青蒿素的难度。
再加上青蒿素在原植物中含量并不高，还有药用部位、产地、采收季节、纯化工艺的影响，青蒿乙醚中性提取物的成功确实来之不易。
中国传统中医药是一个丰富的宝藏，值得我们多加思考，发掘提高。
The earliest mentioning of Qinghao's application as a herbal medicine was found on the silk manuscripts entitled "Prescriptions for Fifty-two Kinds of Disease" unearthed from the third Han Tomb at Mawangduei. Its medical
application was also recorded in “Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic”,"Bu Yi Lei Gong Bao Zhi” and “Compendium of Materia Medica”, etc. However, no clear classification was given for the Qinghao (Artemisia) regardless of a lot of mentioning of its name Qinghao in those literatures. All species in Qinghao (Artemisia) family were mixed and by the time of 1970's two of Qinghao
(Artemisia) species were collected in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and four others were also being prescribed.Our subsequent investigation proved that only Artemisia annual contains artemisinin and is effective against malaria.In addition to the confusion in the selection of right species and the difficulty caused by the low content of artemisinin in the herb, variables such as the medicinal part of the plant, the growing regions, the harvest season, and
extraction /purification processes, etc., added extra difficulties in the discovery of artemisinin. Success in identifying effectiveness of Qinghao neutral ether extract is not a simple and easy win.No doubt, traditional Chinese medicine provides a rich resource. Nevertheless, it requires our thoughtful consideration to explore and improve.
在困境面前需要坚持不懈。
七十年代中国的科研条件比较差，为供应足够的青蒿有效部位用于临床，我们曾用水缸作为提取容器。
由于缺乏通风设备，又接触大量有机溶剂，导致一些科研人员的身体健康受到了影响。
为了尽快上临床，在动物安全性评价的基础上，我和科研团队成员自身服用有效部位提取物，以确保临床病人的安全。
当青蒿素片剂临床试用
效果不理想时，经过努力坚持，深入探究原因，最终查;PersistencyinfrontofChal;Researchconditionwasrela;insufficientventilatione;investigationandverified;团队精神，无私合作加速科学发现转化成有效药物;CollaborativeTeamEfforts;Anantim
效果不理想时，经过努力坚持，深入探究原因，最终查明是崩解度的问题。
改用青蒿素单体胶囊，从而及时证实了青蒿素的抗疟疗效。
Persistency in front of Challenges
Research condition was relatively poor in China in the 1970s. In order to produce sufficient quantity of Qinghao extract for clinical trial, the team carried out extraction using several household water vats. Some members’ health was deteriorated due to exposure to a large quantity of organic solvent and
insufficient ventilation equipment. In order to launch clinical trial sooner while not compromising patient safety, based on the limited safety data from the animal study, the team members and myself volunteered to take Qinghao extract ourselves to assure its safety.Unsatisfied results were observed in the clinical trial using artemisinin tablets, the team carried out a thorough
investigation and verified poor disintegration of the tablets as the root cause which allowed us to quickly resume the trial using capsules and confirm artemisinin's clinical efficacy in time.
团队精神，无私合作加速科学发现转化成有效药物。
1972年3月8日，全国523办公室在南京召开抗疟药物专业会议，我代表中药所在会上报告了青蒿No.191提取物对鼠疟、猴疟的结果，受到会议极大关注。
同年11月17日，在北京召开的全国会议上，我报告了30例临床全部显效的结果。
从此，拉开了青蒿抗疟研究全国大协作的序幕。
Collaborative Team Efforts Expedited Translation from Scientific Discovery to Effective Medicine
An antimalarial drug research symposium was held by the national project 523 office in Nanjing on 8th March 1972. In this meeting, on behalf of the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, I reported the positive readouts of the Qinghao extract No. 191 observed in animal studies performed on malaria mice and monkeys. The presentation received significant interests. On 17th
November 1972, I reported the results of successful treatment of thirty clinical cases in the national conference held in Beijing. This triggered a nationwide collaboration in research on Qinghao for malaria treatment.
今天，我再次衷心感谢当年从事523抗疟研究的中医科学院团队全体成员，铭记他们在青蒿素研究、发现与应用中的积极投入与突出贡献。
感谢全国523项目单位的通力协作，包括山东省中药研究所、云南省药物研究所、中国科学院生物物理所、中国科学院上海有机所、广州中医药大学以及军事医学科学院等，我衷心祝贺协作单位同行们所取得的多方面成果，以及对疟疾患者的热诚服务。
Today, I would like to express my sincere appreciation again to my fellow project 523 colleagues in the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine for their devotion and exceptional contributions during discovery and subsequent
application of artemisinin. I would like to, once again, thank and congratulate the colleagues from Shangdong Provincial Institute of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan Provincial Institute of Materia Medica, the Institute of Biophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences and many other institutes for their
invaluable contributions in their respective responsible areas during
collaboration and their helps to and care for the malaria patients.
对于全国523办公室在组织抗疟项目中的不懈努力，在此表示诚挚的敬意。
没有大家无私合作的团队精神，我们不可能在短期内将青蒿素贡献给世界。
I would also like to express my sincere respect to the national 523 office leadership team for their continuous efforts in organizing and coordinating the antimalarial research programs.Without collective efforts, we would not be able to present artemisinin - our gift to the world in such a short period of time.
疟疾对于世界公共卫生依然是个严重挑战
WHO总干事陈冯富珍在谈到控制疟疾时有过这样的评价，在减少疟疾病例与死亡方面，全球范围内正在取得的成绩给我们留下了深刻印象。
虽然如此，据统计，全球97个国家与地区的33亿人口仍在遭遇疟疾的威胁，其中12亿人生活在高危区域，这些区域的患病率有可能高于1/1000。
统计数据表明，2013年全球疟疾患者约为1亿9千8百万，疟疾导致的死亡人数约为58万，其中78%是5岁以下的儿童。
90%的疟疾死亡病例发生在重灾区非洲。
70%的非洲疟疾患者应用青蒿素复方药物治疗(Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies, ACTs)。
但是，得不到ACTs治疗的疟疾患儿仍达5千6百万到6千9百万之多。
Malaria Remains as a Severe Challenge to the Global Public Health
"The findings in this year's World Malaria Report demonstrate that the world is continuing to make impressive progress in reducing malaria cases and deaths", Dr. Margaret Chan, Director- General of World Health Organization commented in the recent World Malaria Report. Nevertheless, statistically,
there are approximately 3.3 billions of population across 97 countries or regions still at a risk of malaria contraction and around 1.2 billion people live in the high risk regions where the infection rate is as high as or over 1/1000.[1]According to the latest statistical estimation, approximately 198 million cases of malaria occurred globally in 2013 which caused 580,000 deaths with 90% from severely affected African countries and 78% being children below age five. Only 70% of malaria patients receive artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) in Africa and as high as 56 millions to 69 millions of child malaria patients do not have ACTs available for them.
疟原虫对于青蒿素和其他抗疟药的抗药性。
在大湄公河地区，包括柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸、泰国和越南，恶性疟原虫已经出现对于青蒿素的抗药性。
在柬埔寨-泰国边境的许多地区，恶性疟原虫已经对绝大多数抗疟药产生抗药性。
请看今年报告的对于青蒿素抗药性的分布图，红色与黑色提示当地的恶性疟原虫出现抗药性。
可见，不仅在大湄公河流域有抗药性，在非洲少数地区也出现了抗药性。
这些情况都是严重的警示。
The Severe Warning of Parasites Resistant to Artemisinin
P. falciparum resistance to artemisinin has been detected in five countries of the Greater Mekong sub-region: Cambodia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam. In many areas along the
Cambodia-Thailand border, P. falciparum has become resistant to most
available antimalarial medicines.This slide shows the areas where artemisinin resistant malaria appears according to this year's report. Artemisinin resistant P. falciparum has been detected in the areas highlighted in red and black. Clearly,
this is a severe warning since the resistance to artemisinin is not only detected in the Greater Mekong sub-region but also appears in some of African regions.
世界卫生组织2011年遏制青蒿素抗药性的全球计划。
这项计划出台的目的是保护ACTs对于恶性疟疾的有效性。
鉴于青蒿素的抗药性已在大湄公河流域得到证实，扩散的潜在威胁也正在考察之中。
参与该计划的100多位专家们认为，在青蒿素抗药性传播到高感染地区之前，遏制或消除抗药性的机会其实十分有限。
遏制青蒿素抗药性的任务迫在眉睫。
为保护ACTs对于恶性疟疾的有效性，我诚挚希望全球抗疟工作者认真执行WHO遏制青蒿素抗药性的全球计划。
Global Plan for Artemisinin Resistant Containment
The goal of the Global Plan for Artemisinin Resistant Containment (GPARC) is to protect ACTs as an effective treatment for P. falciparum malaria. Artemisinin resistance has been confirmed within the Greater Mekong
sub-region, and potential epidemic risk is under a critical review. An unanimous agreement has been reached by over hundred experts involved in the program that the chance of containing and eradicating artemisinin resistant malaria is very limited and there is an urgent need to constrain artemisinin resistance.To protect efficacy of ACT, I strongly urge a global compliance to the GPARC. This is our responsibility as a scientist and medical doctor in the field.WHO Global Plan for Artemisinin Resistant Containment, 2011.
中医药学是一个伟大的宝库。
在结束之前，我想再谈一点中医药。
“中国医药学是一个伟大宝库，应当努力发掘，加以提高。”青蒿素正是从这一宝库中发掘出来的。
通过抗疟药青蒿素的研究经历，深感中西医药各有所长，二者有机结合，优势互补，当具有更大的开发潜力和良好的发展前景。
大自然给我们提供了大量的植物资源，医药学研究者可以从中开发新药。
中医药从神农尝百草开始，在几千年的发展中积累了大量临床经验，对于自然资源的药用价值已经有所整理归纳。
通过继承发扬，发掘提高，一定会有所发现，有所创新，从而造福人类。
Chinese Medicine, A Great Treasure
Before I conclude today's lecture, I would like to discuss briefly about Chinese medicine. "Chinese medicine and pharmacology are a great