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英语倒装句用法总结

时间:2023-03-14 11:23:00 玉华 学习技巧 我要投稿
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英语倒装句用法总结

  总结是把一定阶段内的有关情况分析研究,做出有指导性的经验方法以及结论的书面材料,它能帮我们理顺知识结构,突出重点,突破难点,让我们抽出时间写写总结吧。那么你知道总结如何写吗?以下是小编为大家整理的英语倒装句用法总结,欢迎大家借鉴与参考,希望对大家有所帮助。

英语倒装句用法总结

  为了强调或平衡句子结构,英语中常用倒装。倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did等,并将其置于主语之前。现将倒装句分类讲解如下:

  一、英语部分倒装用法归纳:

  1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装

  具有(半)否定意义的词或短语位于句首时,用部分倒装。在正式文体中,never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere,not,by no means, in no time,when, no sooner...than, not only...but also等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首,则其后要用部分倒装:

  如: Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons.

  I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。

  He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。

  She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。

  He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。

  We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。

  【注意】

  (1) 对于not…until句型,当not until…位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序:

  He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。

  (2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装:

  On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。

  In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。

  但是,in no time(立即,马上)位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序:

  In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。

  2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装

  当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时,其后用部分倒装语序:

  如:Only then did I know the importance of English.

  Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。

  Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。

  Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。

  3. “so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装

  副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后用部分倒装:

  So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。

  So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我们几乎没法想像它的速度。

  So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然,我们来不及逃跑。

  4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装

  当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构:

  You are young and so am I. 你年轻,我也年轻。

  She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐,我也喜欢。

  If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。

  【注意】

  (1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况,要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况,则应将其中的so改为neither或nor:

  You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻,我也不年轻。

  She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它,我也没有读。

  (2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别:

  "It was cold yesterday." "So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”

  "Father, you promised." "Well, so I did." “爸爸,你答应过的。”“嗯,是答应过。”

  5. 由not only…but also引出的倒装

  当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时,not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式:

  Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师,而且是一位诗人。

  Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确,也讲得更不费劲了。

  6. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装

  当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前,构成倒装句:

  如:Were I you, I would go there.

  Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天来,你就会见到他了。

  Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么,可以给我打电话。

  Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助,我会仍然无家可归。

  【注意】省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词:

  Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱,我就会买它。

  二、完全倒装的四种主要类型

  有些动词与副词out,in,up,down,away等构成不及物动词短语。为了使句子更生动,常将这些副词提前到句首,这时用全部倒装。注意:句子的主语是代词时,则不倒装。如:Up went the rocket. / Up it went.

  1. here 和there位于句首时的倒装

  表示地点的here和 there位于句首时,其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词:

  注意:如果句子的主语是代词时,则不倒装。如:Here comes the bus!/ Here it comes!

  Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。

  There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。

  Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。

  There goes the bell. 铃响了。

  There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。

  【注意】

  (1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态,即不能说 Here is coming the bus。

  (2) 若主语为代词,则不倒装:

  Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。

  Here it comes. 它来了。

  (3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在):

  There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。

  Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。

  2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装

  地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时,其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词:

  Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。

  Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。

  The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了,史密斯先生进了来。

  Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,伞都撑起来了。

  【注意】

  若主语为人称代词,则不能用倒装:

  Away he went. 他跑远了。

  Down it came. 它掉了下来。

  3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装

  为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,有时可将状语或表语置于句首,句中主语和谓语完全倒装:

  Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。

  By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志。

  【注意】

  在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中,要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致,而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较:

  In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。

  In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。

  4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装

  有时为了强调,可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首,从而构成倒装:

  Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。

  Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。

  To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。

  三、倒装句的意义

  1. 适应一定的语法结构的需要,主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。

  e.g. May I come in?

  Was the People's Liberation Army founded in 1927?

  2. 为了强调某一部分,而把这部分放到句首,构成倒装。

  e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.

  So early did he come to school that no other students came.

  四、倒装的使用情况

  1. 在“there be”结构里,there是引导词,主语在be后。

  e.g. There is a box on the table.

  2. 在疑问句中。

  e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?

  What does your mother do?

  3. 在here, there等副词开头的某些句子里(要用一般现在时态)。如果主语是人称代词,主语和主要动词的词序不变。(完全倒装)

  e.g. There goes the bell.

  Here is an apple for you.

  There she comes.

  4. 重复倒装句型,用在以so, nor, neither开头,表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句,表示“也一样”“也这样”;nor, neither用于否定句,表示“同样也不,也不这样”。

  e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.

  My parents didn't watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.

  5. 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时,主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。(完全倒装)

  e.g. "Very well," said the French student.

  "Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please." said he.

  6. 在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副词开头的句子中,采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。

  e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.

  Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.

  比较:I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.

  7. 用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。

  拓展内容:

  倒装句的介绍:

  谓语的一部分或者全部放在主语之前的句子称为倒装句。

  定义为了强调、突出等语用目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中,颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变,句法成分不变。

  主语和谓语是句子的核心,它们之间有两种语序:

  一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序(Natural Order);

  二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序(Inverted Order)。

  而倒装语序中又有完全倒装(Full Inversion)和部分倒装(Partial Inversion)

  1.完全倒装(Full Inversion):又称"全部倒装",是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。

  2.部分倒装(Partial Inversion):指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

  英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。

  前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。

  一、 表示强调:

  倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:

  1.only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。

  例子:

  Only in this way can you solve this problem.

  只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。

  Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.

  只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

  2. hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more, no longer,not, not only, no sooner, not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。

  例子:

  No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

  我刚到家就下起了雨。

  Seldom do I go to work by bus.

  我很少乘公共汽车上班。

  她还没来得及坐下来,就听见有人敲门。

  Not until twelve o'clock did he go to bed last night .

  3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。

  例子:

  So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.

  他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。

  To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.

  她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。

  以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。

  二、 承上启下

  1.为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复,常用"so+be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"或"neither/nor + be动词(助动词、情态动词)+主语"的倒装句式。

  其中第一个句式表示"与前面所述的肯定情况相同",第二个句式表示"与前面所述的否定情况相同"。

  例子:

  A:His brother is a college student; B:so is mine.(nor is mine .)

  A:他弟弟是大学生,B:我弟弟也是。(我弟弟也不是。)

  A:He used to have his further study abroad; B:so did I.(neither did I.)

  A:他曾去国外深造过。B:我也去过。(我也没有。)

  A:One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; B:so can his wife.(neither can his wife .)

  A:我的一个朋友会说三门外国语。B:他的妻子也会。(他的妻子也不会。)

  2.倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。

  例子:

  They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake.

  他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。

  We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain.

  我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。

  三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛

  在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。

  如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:

  Out of the bosom of the Air,

  Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,

  Over the woodlands brown and bare,

  Over the harvest-fields forsaken,

  Silent, and soft, and slow,

  Descends the snow.

  在这一节诗里,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。

  四、 平衡结构

  英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。

  1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。

  例子:

  A.To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.

  B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.

  一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。

  A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.

  B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.

  地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。

  从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。

  2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。

  例子:

  Such would be our home in the future.

  我们将来的家就是这个样子。

  3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。

  例子:

  Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.

  你盼望已久的信在这儿。

  五、 使描写生动

  有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。

  例子:

  Up went the rocket into the air.

  嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。

  Boom went the cannon!

  轰隆一声大炮开火了!

  Bang came another shot!

  砰!又是一声枪响!

  以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。

  "Stop thief! Stop thief!" There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell-mell, helter-skelter, yelling-screaming, ...

  "Stop thief ! Stop thief !" The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens )

  作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。

  倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、

  1、倒装句之全部倒装

  全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有:

  1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

  There goes the bell.

  Then came the chairman.

  Here is your letter.

  2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。

  Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

  Ahead sat an old woman.

  注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

  Here he comes.    Away they went.

  2、倒装句之部分倒装

  部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

  1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。

  Never have I seen such a performance.

  Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

  Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

  当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。

  注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。

  I have never seen such a performance.

  The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

  3、以否定词开头作部分倒装

  如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than

  Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

  Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

  No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

  注意:只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。

  Not only you but also I am fond of music.

  4、so, neither, nor作部分倒装

  表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。

  Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

  If you won't go, neither will I.

  注意: 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构。意为 "的确如此"。

  Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.

  ——It's raining hard.   ——So it is.

  5、only在句首要倒装的情况

  Only in this way, can you learn English well.

  Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

  如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装

  Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

  6、as, though 引导的倒装句

  as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。

  1) 从句的谓语部分为“不及物动词+副词”时,常将此副词提前到从句句首。如:Hard as you try, you will not succeed.

  2) 从句的谓语部分为“情态动词+不及物动词”时,常将此动词提前到从句句首。如: Wait as you may, he will not see you.

  3) 从句的谓语部分是“系动词+形容词”时,常将此表语形容词提前到从句句首。如: Proud as the nobles are, they are afraid to see me.

  4) 从句的谓语部分是“系动词+单数名词”时,则常将这个表语提前,但要省略名词前的不定冠词。如: Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong.

  注意:

  让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。

  7、其他部分倒装

  1)  so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。

  So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

  2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中:

  May you all be happy.

  3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。

  Were I you, I would try it again.

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